REVIEW PAPER
Molecular and environmental aspects of skin cancers
1
Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
2
Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
3
Department of Physiopathology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
4
Department of Medical Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management, Rzeszów, Poland
Corresponding author
Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak
Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
J Pre Clin Clin Res. 2015;9(2):158-162
KEYWORDS
skin cancermalignant melanoma (MM)basal cell carcinoma (BCC)squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)ultraviolet radiationcarcinogenesismolecular basis
ABSTRACT
Skin cancers are one of the most common cancers in the Caucasian population. A constantly increasing number of non-melanoma skin cancers and malignant melanomas is observed. The incidence of skin cancers is associated mainly with exposure to sunlight. Therefore, agricultural workers who work in open spaces are a particularly vulnerable group. Currently, studies on the pathogenesis of skin cancer focus on the molecular basis associated with ultraviolet radiation. This study is an attempt to summarize the current state of knowledge on this issue. There have been demonstrated mutations in different classes of genes associated with carcinogenesis, including protooncogenes, tumour suppressor genes, genes that control apoptosis, genes encoding transcription factors and DNA repair genes in patients with skin cancers. Mutations in the latter result in reducing the effectiveness of DNA repair and fixation of mutations. All changes at the gene level lead to structural changes, quantitative and dysfunction of proteins encoded by these genes. All these factors contribute to the process of carcinogenesis. Due to increasing number of skin cancers, it seems important to increase knowledge of the molecular basis of skin cancers. This knowledge could be crucial for predicting the course of the disease, and for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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