RESEARCH PAPER
Interrelationships between morphometric, densitometric and mechanical properties of lumbar vertebrae in pigs
1
Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University, Lublin, Poland
2
II Department of Radiology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
3
Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, MCS University, Lublin, Poland
J Pre Clin Clin Res. 2007;1(2):165-170
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
This study was performed to determine interrelationships between morphometric, densitometric and mechanical
properties of the lumbar vertebrae in pigs. Six lumbar vertebrae (L1
-L6
) were isolated post mortem from healthy
males(n = 6) of the Large Polish White breed at the age of 8 months. Computed tomography technique was used to
determine total bone volume (Bvol), cross-sectional area (A) and trabecular bone mineral density (Td) ofthe vertebral
body, mean volumetric bone mineral density (MvBMD), as well as calcium hydroxyapatite density in the trabecular
(TdCa-HA) and cortical (CbCa-HA) bones ofthe lumbar vertebrae.Using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method,
bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were determined. The compression test of the lumbar
vertebrae was performed to derive mechanical parameters such as ultimate force (Fu
), ultimate stress (σu
), Young’s
modulus (E), stiffness (S) and work to the ultimate force point (W). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was determined
for all the investigated variables. Results obtained in this study showed positive correlations between bone weight,
Bvol, A and BMC, while the same parameters were negatively correlated with densitometric parameters such as Td,
CbCa-HA, TdCa-HA and MvBMD. Positive correlations were found between Td, TdCa-HA, CbCa-HA and MvBMD, while BMC was
found to be negatively correlated with Td, TdCa-HA, CbCa-HA E and σu. Mechanical parameters such as Fu, E, σu, S and W
were found to be positively correlated. Furthermore, CbCa-HA and BMD showed positive correlations with the values
of Fu, σu, and W. In conclusion, due to relatively poor correlations ofthe morphometric and densitometric parameters
with mechanical strength of the lumbar vertebrae, results of this study suggest that densitometric measurements
should be followed by mechanical evaluation for precise determination of the axial skeleton properties in pigs.
Considering the striking similarities existing between humans and pigs in terms of size and shape of spine, as well
as physiology and anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract and skeletal system, the use of these animals in pre-clinical
studies on bone metabolism regulation with pharmacological and dietary factors seems to be very advantageous
when interpolating obtained results for humans.
REFERENCES (27)
1.
Berning B, Kuik C, Kuiper JW, Herjan JT, Bennink C, Fauser BCJM: Increased loss of trabecular but not cortical bone density, 1 year after discontinuation of 2 years hormone replacement therapy with Tibolone. Maturitas 1999, 31, 151-159.
2.
Hernándes ER, Seco C, Revilla M, Villa LF, Cortés J, Rico H: Changes in the cortical and trabecular bone compartments with different types of menopause measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Maturitas 1996, 23, 23-29.
3.
Daugherty G: Quantitative CT in the measurement of bone quantity and bone quality for assessing osteoporosis. Med Eng Phys 1996, 18, 557-568.
4.
Rockoff SD, Sweet E, Bleustein J: The relative contribution of trabecular and cortical bone to the strength of human lumbar vertebrae. Calcif Tissue Res 1969, 3, 163-175.
5.
Leidig-Bruckner G, Minne HW, Schlaich C, Wagner G, Scheidt-Nave C, Bruckner T, Gebest HJ, Zigler R: Clinical grading of spinal osteoporosis: Quality of life components and spinal deformity in women with chronic low back pain and women with vertebral osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1997, 12, 663-675.
6.
Oleksik A, Lips P, Dawson A, Minshall ME, Shen W, Cooper C, Kanis J: Health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women with low BMD with or without prevalent vertebral fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2000, 15, 1384-1392.
7.
Ferretti JL, Capozza RF, Mondelo N, Zanchetta JR: Interrelationships between densitometric, geometric and mechanical properties of rat femora: inferences concerning mechanical regulation of bone modelling. J Bone Miner Res 1993, 8, 1389-1395.
8.
Kanis JA, Kragl G, Lopes Vaz A, Lorenc R, Lyritis G, Masaryk P, Miazgowski T, Parisi G, Pols HAP, Poor G, Reid DM, Scheidt-Nave C, Stepan J, Todd C, Weber K, Woolf AD, Reeve J: The relationship between bone density and incident vertebral fracture in men and women. J Bone Miner Res 2002, 17, 2214-2221.
9.
Van der Klift M, De Laet CE, Mccloskey EV, Johnell O, Kanis JA, Hofman A, Pols HA: Risk factors for incident vertebral fractures in men and women: the Rotterdam study. J Bone Miner Res 2004, 19, 1172-1180.
10.
Crawford RP, Cann CE, Keaveny TM: Finite element models predict in vitro vertebral body compressive strength better than quantitative computed tomography. Bone 2003, 33, 744-750.
11.
Miller ER, Ullrey DE: The pig as a model for human nutrition. Ann Rev Nutr 1987, 7, 361-382.
12.
Smink JJ, Buchholz IM, Hamers N, Van Tilburg CM, Christis C, Sakkers RJB, De Meer K, Van Buul-Offers SC, Koedam JA: Short-term glucocorticoid treatment of piglets causes changes in growth plate morphology and angiogenesis. Osteoarthr Cartilage 2003, 11, 864- 871.
13.
Tatara MR, Krupski W, Śliwa E, Maciejewski R, Dąbrowski A: Fundectomy-evoked osteopenia in pigs is mediated by the gastrichypothalamic-pituitary axis. Exp Biol Med 2007, 232, 1449-1457.
14.
Smit TH: The use of a quadruped as an in vivo model for the study of the spine – biomechanical considerations. Eur Spine J 2002, 11, 137-144.
15.
Gregersen GG, Lucas DB: An in vivo study of the axial rotation of the human thoracolumbar spine. J Bone Joint Surg 1967, 49A, 247-262.
16.
Schendel MJ, Dekutoski MB, Ogilvie JW, Olsewski JM, Wallace LJ: Kinematics of the canine lumbar intervertebral joints. Spine 1995, 20, 2555-2564.
17.
Smit TH, Odgaard A, Schneider E: Structure and function of vertebral trabecular bone. Spine 1997, 22, 2823-2833.
18.
Cotterill PC, Kostiuk JP, D’Angelo G, Fernie GR, Maki BE: An anatomical comparison of the human and bovine thoracolumbar spine. J Orthop Res 1986, 4, 298.
19.
Wilke HJ, Krischak S, Cleas L: Biomechanical comparison of calf and human spines. J Orthop Res 1996, 14, 500-503.
20.
Wilke HJ, Kettler A, Cleas L: Are sheep spines a valid model for human spines? Spine 1997, 22, 2365-2374.
21.
Ebbesen EN, Thomsen JS, Beck-Nielsen H, Nepper-Rasmussen, Mosekilde L: Vertebral bone density evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography in vitro. Bone 1998, 23, 283-290.
22.
Lochmüller E-M, Bürklein D, Kuhn V, Glaser C, Müller R, Glüer CC, Eckstein F: Mechanical strength of the thoracolumbar spine in the elderly: prediction from in situ dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography (QCT), upper and lower limb peripheral QCT, and quantitative ultrasound. Bone 2002, 31, 77-84.
23.
Banse X, Devogelaer JP, Munting E, Delloye C, Cornu O, Grynpas M: Inhomogeneity of human vertebral cancellous bone: systematic density and structure patterns inside the vertebral body. Bone 2001, 28, 536- 571.
24.
Krupski W, Tatara MR: Interrelationships between densitometric, morphometric, and mechanical properties of the tibia in turkeys. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 2007, 51, 621-626.
25.
Singer K, Edmondston S, Day R, Breidahl P, Price R: Prediction of thoracic and lumbar vertebral body compressive strength: correlations with bone mineral density and vertebral region. Bone 1995, 17, 167- 174.
26.
Cheng XG, Nicholson PH, Boonen S, Lowet G, Brys P, Aerssens J, Van der Perre G, Dequeker J: Prediction of vertebral strength in vitro by spinal bone densitometry and calcaneal ultrasound. J Bone Miner Res 1997, 12, 1721-1728.
27.
Edmondston SJ, Singer KP, Day RE, Price RI, Breidahl PD: Ex vivo estimation of thoracolumbar vertebral body compressive strength: the relative contributions of bone densitometry and vertebral morphometry. Osteoporos Int 1997, 7, 142-148.
| eISSN: | 1898-7516 |
| ISSN: | 1898-2395 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
