Introduction and objective:
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the gold standard management option for benign gallbladder disease and cholelithiasis. However, there are physiological consequences with the induction of pneumoperitoneum during LC, resulting in the reduction of hepatic blood flow which leads to the elevation of liver enzymes. This study aimed to evaluate changes in liver enzymes after LC and determine its clinical effects on goats.

Material and methods:
This prospective study was conducted in six goats via LC using four-trocar procedure to determine alteration in liver enzymes. Vital parameters, including rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate were monitored twice daily for abnormalities. Blood samples were collected pre-operatively and at 2, 12, and 36 hours, and on day 3 and day 7 after surgery to compare liver enzyme alterations (aspartate transaminase [AST], alanine transaminase [ALT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], bilirubin, total protein, and albumin).

Results:
Average time for LCs was 25 minutes. Biochemical estimation revealed a significant increase (p≤0.05) in total (baseline: 0.27±0.03 mg/dL vs. at 2 h: 0.57±0.02 mg/dL and 12 h: 1.05±0.20 mg/dL) and direct bilirubin (baseline value: 0.12±0.02 mg/dL vs. 2 h: 0.23±0.02 mg/dL and 12 h: 0.23±0.02 mg/dL). Indirect bilirubin increased significantly (p≤0.05) after 12 hours post-operatively. Total protein and globulin decreased significantly (p≤0.05) throughout. AST and ALT levels increased (p≤0.05) after 2, 12, 36 hours, and on day 3 post-operatively. ALP increased after 2 hours and thereafter decreased significantly (p≤0.05).

Conclusions:
A considerable rise in the liver enzymes of the goat after LC due to changes in hepatic blood flow was observed.