REVIEW PAPER
Different treatment methods for tics and Tourette Syndrome
1
Student’s Scientific Association of Paediatric Neurology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
2
Department of Paediatric Neurology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Corresponding author
Karolina Barzyk
Student’s Scientific Association of Pediatric Neurology, Medical University of Lublin
Student’s Scientific Association of Pediatric Neurology, Medical University of Lublin
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction and objective:
Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder that begins in childhood and reaches its peak just before adolescence. The disorder is severely troublesome for patients not only by the motor and phonic tics that occur, but also by the often co-occurring behavioural disorders. The review presents the treatment methods available today, including behavioural methods, as well as pharmacological and surgical methods.
Review methods:
Scientific publications were searched for articles using Pubmed and Google Scholar with the use of phrases ‘Tourette Syndrome’, ‘Tourette Syndrome Treatment’, ‘tics treatment’, ‘deep brain stimulation’ and ‘Tourette Syndrome epidemiology’.
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
Until recently, treatment of this disease was limited to the use of antipsychotic drugs only. With the development of knowledge about the pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome, drug groups, such as VMAT-2 inhibitors, lurasidone, ecopipam, noradrenergic drugs, and GABA-ergic drugs have also been introduced into treatment. The importance of educating parents, students and teachers around affected children was also highlighted. Botulinum toxin injections have also been proven to reduce the severity or even disappearance of tics. In refractory patients with severely severe tics, more invasive treatments, such as deep brain stimulation, are undertaken.
Summary:
Treatment methods for tics and Tourette syndrome are constantly developing. However, intensive research is still needed to introduce new treatments and improve existing therapies. Any therapy, whether pharmacological or invasive, carries the risk of side-effects and complications.
Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder that begins in childhood and reaches its peak just before adolescence. The disorder is severely troublesome for patients not only by the motor and phonic tics that occur, but also by the often co-occurring behavioural disorders. The review presents the treatment methods available today, including behavioural methods, as well as pharmacological and surgical methods.
Review methods:
Scientific publications were searched for articles using Pubmed and Google Scholar with the use of phrases ‘Tourette Syndrome’, ‘Tourette Syndrome Treatment’, ‘tics treatment’, ‘deep brain stimulation’ and ‘Tourette Syndrome epidemiology’.
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
Until recently, treatment of this disease was limited to the use of antipsychotic drugs only. With the development of knowledge about the pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome, drug groups, such as VMAT-2 inhibitors, lurasidone, ecopipam, noradrenergic drugs, and GABA-ergic drugs have also been introduced into treatment. The importance of educating parents, students and teachers around affected children was also highlighted. Botulinum toxin injections have also been proven to reduce the severity or even disappearance of tics. In refractory patients with severely severe tics, more invasive treatments, such as deep brain stimulation, are undertaken.
Summary:
Treatment methods for tics and Tourette syndrome are constantly developing. However, intensive research is still needed to introduce new treatments and improve existing therapies. Any therapy, whether pharmacological or invasive, carries the risk of side-effects and complications.
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