RESEARCH PAPER
The importance of BMI in early prevention of cardiovascular risk in young adult Poles
1
Department of Nursing Development, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
2
Institute of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
3
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
4
Institute of Mathematics and Medical Biostatistics, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
Corresponding author
Barbara Ślusarska
Department of Nursing Development, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Medical University, Lublin, Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Nursing Development, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Medical University, Lublin, Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland.
J Pre Clin Clin Res. 2012;6(1):35-41
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Background:
The natural course of atherosclerotic processes in young adults and the common occurrence of risk factors in the Polish population necessitate the search for simple methods of assessing cardiovascular risk in the early stage of its development.
Purpose:
To determine the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the cardiovascular risk assessment in a group of young adults in the early stage of threat development.
Material and Methods:
Observational studies were conducted in a group of 1,593 participants – 1,012 females (63.5%) and 581 males (36.5%) between the ages of 19-35 years (average: 22.16; SD=2.81), studying at university colleges in Lublin. Data were collected between October 2008 – March 2009 and analyzed in 2009 and 2010. The studies included demographics, anthropometric and blood pressure measures, and laboratory tests of lipid levels in blood serum. Algorithm Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was used to assess the overall cardiovascular risk.
Results:
The average BMI value among respondents was 22.4 kg/m2 (SD = 3.46). The results of BMI correlation indicate highly significant positive correlation in the variables range: waist circumference (r = 0.7850, p <0.01); gender (r = 0.4783, p < 0.01); triglyceride level (r = 0.3422, p< 0.01), LDL level (r = 0.2432, p< 0.01), age (r = 0.1321, p< 0.05) and negative relation in the range of HDL level (r = -0.2618, < 0.01). BMI correlative value with FRS grading was statistically significant (r = 0.2757, p < 0.01).
Conclusions:
Significant correlations between BMI and variables, and FRS, confirm its importance as an early cardiovascular risk marker.
The natural course of atherosclerotic processes in young adults and the common occurrence of risk factors in the Polish population necessitate the search for simple methods of assessing cardiovascular risk in the early stage of its development.
Purpose:
To determine the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the cardiovascular risk assessment in a group of young adults in the early stage of threat development.
Material and Methods:
Observational studies were conducted in a group of 1,593 participants – 1,012 females (63.5%) and 581 males (36.5%) between the ages of 19-35 years (average: 22.16; SD=2.81), studying at university colleges in Lublin. Data were collected between October 2008 – March 2009 and analyzed in 2009 and 2010. The studies included demographics, anthropometric and blood pressure measures, and laboratory tests of lipid levels in blood serum. Algorithm Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was used to assess the overall cardiovascular risk.
Results:
The average BMI value among respondents was 22.4 kg/m2 (SD = 3.46). The results of BMI correlation indicate highly significant positive correlation in the variables range: waist circumference (r = 0.7850, p <0.01); gender (r = 0.4783, p < 0.01); triglyceride level (r = 0.3422, p< 0.01), LDL level (r = 0.2432, p< 0.01), age (r = 0.1321, p< 0.05) and negative relation in the range of HDL level (r = -0.2618, < 0.01). BMI correlative value with FRS grading was statistically significant (r = 0.2757, p < 0.01).
Conclusions:
Significant correlations between BMI and variables, and FRS, confirm its importance as an early cardiovascular risk marker.
REFERENCES (31)
1.
Green LW, Simson-Morton MM, Potvin L. Education and life styles determinants of health and disease. (in:), Oxford Textbook of Public Health. Oxford University Press: New York-Oxfrord-Tokio, 1997; pp. 126-37.
2.
Graham I, Atar D, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice: European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary. Eur Heart J. 2007; 28: 2375-414.
3.
WHO. Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva: WHO Press, 2009.
4.
Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Research Group. Natural history of aortic and coronary atherosclerotic lesions in youth. Findings from the PDAY Study. Arterioscler Thromb 1993; 13: 1291-98.
5.
Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Bao W, Newman WP, Tracy RE, Wattigney WA. Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study. N Engl J Med. 1998; 338:1650-56.
6.
Wissler RW, Strong JP, Group PR. Risk factors and progression of atherosclerosis in youth. Am J Pathol. 1998; 153: 1023-33.
7.
Strong J P, Malcolm GT, Mc Mahan A, et al. Frequency of occurrence and advancement level of atherosclerosis in adolescence and young adults. Prophylaxis conclusions based on the Studies of Pathophysiological Indicators of Atherosclerosis at Youth. JAMA-PL 1999; 1(10): 651-60.
8.
Ounpuu S, Anand S, Yusuf S. The impending global epidemic of cardiovascular diseases. Eur Heart J. 2005; 1: 880-83.
9.
Kubica A, Grześk G, Lackowski J. Cardiovascular system diseases – challenge for health promotion. Cardiologists’ Forum 2005; 10(3): 83-6.
10.
Beręsewicz A, Skierczyńska A. Atherosclerosis – the disease throughout life and the entire population of countries of Western civilization. Heart Vascular Diseas. 2006; 3(1): 1-6.
11.
Urban M. (Ed.). Atherosclerosis in children and youth. Wrocław. Cornetis, 2007.
12.
Lorenz MW, Schaefer C, Steinmetz H, Sitzer M. Is carotid intima media thickness useful for individual prediction of cardiovascular risk? Tenyear results from the Carotid Atherosclerosis Progression Study (CAPS). Eur Heart J. 2010; 31(16): 2041-2048
13.
Program Pol-MONICA bis Warszawa. Health condition of Warsaw population in 2001. Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa 2002.
14.
Zdrojewski T, Bandosz P, Szpakowski P, et al. Distribution of major cardiovascular system diseases risk factors in Poland. NATPOL PLUS study results. Polish Cardiology 2004; 61 (Suppl. 4): 1-26.
15.
Biela U, Pająk A, Kaczmarczyk-Chałas K, Głuszek J, Tendera M, Wawrzyńska M, Kurjata P, Wyrzykowski B. Frequency of overweight and obesity occurrence at women and met between the ages of 20 and 74 years. WOBASZ programme results. Polish Cardiology 2005; 63 (Suppl. 4): S1-S4.
16.
Pająk A, Wiercińska E, Polakowska M, Kozakiewicz K, Kaczmarczyk- Chałas K, Tykarski A, Gaździk D, Zdrojewski T. Distribution of dyslipidemia at men and women between the ages of 20 and 74 years in Poland. WOBASZ programme results. Polish Cardiology 2005; 63 (Suppl. 4): S1-S6.
17.
Szostak-Węgierek D. Occurence of ischemic heart disease risk factors in young adults in Polish population. Doctor’s Guide. 2005; 2: 48-51.
18.
Lloyd-Jones DM, Hong Y, Labarthe D, et al. Defining and Setting National Goals for Cardiovascular Health Promotion and Disease Reduction. The American Heart Association’s Strategic Impact Goal,Through 2020 and Beyond. AHA Special Report. Circulation 2010; 121(4): 586-613.
19.
Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J. 2003; 24(11): 987-1003.
20.
Wilson PW, D’Agostino RB, Levy D, et al. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation 1998; 97(18): 1837-1847.
21.
Adult Treatment Panel III. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults. JAMA 2001; 285: 2486-97.
22.
Ketola E, Laatikainen T, Vartiainen E. Evaluating risk for cardiovascular diseases – vain or value? How do different cardiovascular risk scores act in real life. Eur J Public Health. 2010; 20(1): 107-112.
23.
Tucki K. University colleges in Lublin voivodeship in the academic year 2008/2009. GUS, Lublin 2009.
24.
Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A et al. Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2007; 28(12): 1462-1536.
25.
Poirier P, Giles TD, George A, Bray GA, Hong Y, Judith S, Stern JS, Pi-Sunyer X, Eckel RH. Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Effect of Weight Loss. An update of the 1997 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on Obesity and Heart Disease From the Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation 2006; 113: 898-918.
26.
Graham I, Atar D, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehab. 2007; 14 (Suppl. 2): S11-13.
27.
Broncel M. Lipid disorders. Current criteria of dyslipidemia recognition. Target lipid levels in heart and vascular diseases. Cardiology Based on Facts 2010; 1: 15-28.
28.
Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Final Report. Circulation 2002; 106(25): 3143-3421.
29.
D’Agostino RB, Sr, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham heart study. Circulation 2008; 117: 743-753.
30.
Schulte H, Cullen P, Assmann G. Obesity, mortality and cardiovascular disease in the Munster Heart Study (PROCAM). Atherosclerosis 1999; 144(1): 199-209.
31.
Cullen P, Schulte H, Assmann G. The Munster Heart Study (PROCAM). Total Mortality in Middle-Aged Men Is Increased at Low Total and LDL Cholesterol Concentrations in Smokers but Not in Nonsmokers. Circulation1997; 96: 2128-36.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 1898-7516 |
| ISSN: | 1898-2395 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
